Laser Structuring for Biomedical Applications

Abstract Laser structuring enables modification of sample topography, surface chemistry, and/or physical properties materials. Examples these processes are ripple, nap or wall formation, oxidation, induction polymerization reactions, changes in crystallinity contact angle. These – most the time interrelated modifications exploited widely for biomedical applications. They range from cell-repellent surfaces easy-to-replace cardiac pacemakers, control cell proliferation required regenerative medicine, to increased adhesion arrays. Furthermore, ns-laser-induced nanoripples were used formation gold nanowires future plasmon resonance sensors directly integrated into biotechnological devices. Additive nano- and microscale manufacturing by two-photon allows considerable progress scaffold paving path vitro–grown organs, bones, cartilages. The very same fs-laser-based technique was also biomimetic microneedles with enhanced liquid spreading on their surface. Microneedles promising candidates low-cost, high-throughput drug delivery vaccination applicable even nonmedically trained personnel. Microfluidic systems fabricated fs-lasers have enabled 3D microscopy single cells studies thrombocyte activation help nanoanchors. Explicating abovementioned further applications, authors put special focus achieved limits pointing out what scientists accomplished so far pursuit extreme scales.